Genetic variants and disease: correlate or cause?

Genetic Mutations that Cause Coronary Artery Disease

Cerebral asymmetry and language development: cause, correlate, or consequence?

In most people, language is processed predominantly by the left hemisphere of the brain, but we do not know how or why. A popular view is that developmental language disorders result from a poorly lateralized brain, but until recently, evidence has been weak and indirect. Modern neuroimaging methods have made it possible to study normal and abnormal development of lateralized function in the de...

Family Discord and Conduct Disorder: Cause, Consequence, or Correlate?

The inferences to be drawn from statistical associations between family discord and conduct disorder in children are discussed with respect to the need to differentiate between risk indicators and risk mechanisms, the conceptualization of risk mechanisms, measurement issues, and the research strategies needed to test causal hypotheses. Such testing needs to indicate genetic research strategies,...

Structural plasticity: cause, result, or correlate of depression.

The articles in this issue of Biological Psychiatry are derived from oral presentations at a conference, " Depression in the 21st Century: New Insight into Drug Development and Neurobiology, " held February 2–22, 2000 in Dana Point, California. The speakers represented a range of clinical practitioners, pathologists, and preclinical investigators , with strong focus on the neurobiology of mood ...

cause or effect: which genetic changes are associated with cancer?